Publishing node

In addition to all responsibilities required of a full node, a node that is

tasked with extending the blockchain by creating and publishing new

blocks. It is also known as a mining node, committing node, or minting

node.

Node

Within the blockchain network, a node is an individual system.

Orphan block

After a temporary ledger conflict, any block that is not in the main chain is

an orphan block.

Permissioned

To use the system (generally assigned by an administrator or consortium), it

is a system where every node and every user must be granted permission.

Permissionless

All user permissions in this system are equal and not set by any

administrator or consortium.

Permissions

The allowable user actions (e.g., read, write, and execute) are permissions.

Proof of stake consensus model

Here, the blockchain network is secured by users locking an amount of

cryptocurrency into the blockchain network, a process called staking.

Participants had more stake in the system are more likely to want it to

succeed and to not be subverted, which gives them more weight during

consensus.

Proof of work consensus model

By expending time, energy, and computational cycles to solve a hard-to-

solve, but easy-to-verify problem (e.g., finding the nonce which, when

combined with the data to be added to the block, will result in a specific